Comparative and Superlative
Adjectives are intensified when you want to compare something. By using the comparative form, you increase the intensity of it. The superlative form is the form with the highest intensity.
The comparative form compares two people or things. The superlative form, on the other hand, compares at least three or more people or things.
Examples:
Formation of the comparative form
The German comparative is formed as follows:
adjective + "-er"
Most often, the comparative is followed by "als" + the second noun used for comparison.
Examples:
Peculiarities of the comparative
If the adjective ends in "el", the "e" in the comparative is dropped. In the superlative it's not.
Examples:
- edel – edler – am edelsten (noble)
- sensibel – sensibler – am sensibelsten (sensitive)
- dunkel – dunkler – am dunkelsten (dark)
- flexibel – flexibler – am flexibelsten (flexible)
If the adjective ends in "er", the "e" in the comparative is omitted, but only if there is a vowel (a,e,i,o,u) in front of it.
Examples:
- teuer – teurer – am teuersten (expensive)
- sauer – saurer – am sauersten (sour)
- sauber – sauberer – am saubersten (clean)
Formation of the superlative form
The superlative describes things that cannot be surpassed.The German superlative is formed as follows:
with the definite article + adjective + ending "-ste"
orwith "am" + adjective + ending "-sten"
Examples:
Positiv | Komparativ | Superlativ | Superlativ + article |
---|---|---|---|
faul(lazy) | fauler | am faulsten | der, die, das faulste |
langsam(slow) | langsmer | am langsamsten | der, die, das langsamste |
lieb(kind) | lieber | am liebsten | der, die, das liebste |
schnell(fast) | schneller | am schnellsten | der, die, das schnellste |
Declension in comparative und superlative
If the comparative or the superlative comes before a noun, it must be declined according to the adjective declination.
For the comparative, the following applies:
adjective + -er + adjective declension
The following applies to the superlative
Adjective + -(e)st + adjective declension
Pronunciation help with the superlative
For adjectives ending in -d, -ß, -sch, -t, -tz, -x or -z, the (e) serves as a pronunciation aid:
Positiv | Komparativ | Superlativ | Superlativ + article |
---|---|---|---|
breit(wide) | breiter | am breitesten | der, die, das breiteste |
hübsch(pretty) | hübscher | am hübschesten | der, die, das hübscheste |
süß(sweet) | süßer | am süßesten | der, die, das süßeste |
weit(far) | weiter | am weitesten | der, die, das weiteste |
Other adjectives are:
blind (blind), blöd (stupid), dicht (dense), echt (genuine), fest (solid), fett (fat), feucht (wet), fies (mean), fix (fast), glatt (smooth), heiß (hot), laut (loud), leicht (light), leise (quiet), mies (lousy), mild (mild), müde (tired), nett (nice), rasch (quick), sanft (gentle), satt (fed up), schlecht (bad), spät (late), spitz (pointed), stolz (proud), weise (wise) , wild (wild), zart (tender)
Special adjectives
Some adjectives form their comparative forms with an Umlaut (ä, ö, ü)
Positiv | Komparativ | Superlativ | Superlativ + article |
---|---|---|---|
alt(old) | älter | am ältesten | der, die, das älteste |
arm(poor) | ärmer | am ärmsten | der, die, das ärmste |
groß(tall) | größer | am größsten | der, die, das größste |
jung(young) | jünger | am jüngsten | der, die, das jüngste |
kalt(cold) | kälter | am kältesten | der, die, das kälteste |
klug(smart) | klüger | am klügsten | der, die, das klügste |
kurz(short) | kürzer | am kürzesten | der, die, das kürzeste |
lang(long) | länger | am längsten | der, die, das längste |
Other objectives are:
dumm (stupid), gesund (healthy), grob (rough), hart (hard), krank (sick), rot (red), spitz (sharp), stark (strong), schwach (weak), warm (warm)
Irregular adjectives
Only a few adjectives are irregular. This includes:
Positiv | Komparativ | Superlativ | Superlativ + article |
---|---|---|---|
dunkel(dark) | dunkler | am dunkelsten | der, die, das dunkelste |
edel(nobel) | edler | am edelsten | der, die, das edelste |
gern(like) | lieber | am liebsten | der, die, das liebste |
gut(good) | besser | am besten | der, die, das beste |
hoch(high) | höher | am höchsten | der, die, das höchste |
nah(close) | näher | am nächsten | der, die, das nächste |
teuer(expensive) | teurer | am teuersten | der, die, das teuerste |
viel/sehr(much/very) | mehr | am meisten | der, die, das meiste |