Konjunktionen II
Conjunctions II
Conjunctions connect words, groups of words, parts of sentences, or whole sentences. In Part 1 of this lesson, we studied the coordinating conjunctions:
denn (because), und (and), oder (or), aber (but), außer (except), sondern (rather)
In Part 2, we now deal with the multipart and the subordinating conjunctions.
Multipart conjunctions
Multipart conjunctions belong to the group of coordinating conjunctions. That means they do not influence the word order and always connect the main clauses. As the name suggests, they consist of at least two parts.
The different multipart conjunctions:
- "sowohl… als auch…"(both...and...) = Double enumeration
- "nicht nur… sondern auch…" (not only... but also...) = Double enumeration
- "zwar…, aber… " (indeed..., but ...) = positive ↔ negative
- "entweder… oder…" (either... or..) = alternative
Subordinating conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions connect main clauses with subordinate clauses. The main clause is always superordinate and leads the subordinate clause. A comma separates them and the verb comes at the end.
Examples:
The most important subordinating conjunctions
wenn/als (if/as), bevor/ehe (before), bis (until), weil/da (because), damit (with), dass (that), so dass (so that), solange (while), indem (by), wenn/falls (when/if), nachdem (after), während (during), obwohl (although), seit/seitdem (since), sooft (as often as), wohingegen (whereas)
Below is a list of other subordinating conjunctions, i.e. all words that send the verb to the end of the sentence:
als (as), anstatt dass (instead of that), ohne dass (without), wo (where), als dass (as that) , als ob (as if), als wenn (as if), anstatt dass (instead of), außer wenn (as soon as), geschweige denn (insofar as), gleichwie (although), insofern (as soon as), insoweit (insofar as), je (each) , obgleich (although), sobald (as soon as), sofern (as long as), solange (as long as), soviel (as much), soweit (as far as), sowie (as well as), statt dass (instead of), wenn auch (although), wenngleich (as if), wie wenn (as if), zumal (especially)